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The Impact of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Air pollution is a significant public health concern worldwide, with detrimental effects on respiratory health. This comprehensive review examines the various pollutants present in the atmosphere, including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO), and their adverse impacts on respiratory function. The review synthesizes evidence from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and experimental research to elucidate the association between air pollution exposure and respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infections. Furthermore, the review discusses vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions, who are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes due to air pollution exposure. Strategies for mitigating air pollution and protecting respiratory health are also explored, including regulatory policies, urban planning initiatives, and lifestyle modifications.
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